Personality changes, including agitation and delusions, are quite apparent. Stage 7 - Very Severe Cognitive Decline: In this stage of dementia, persons have lost the ability to walk and communicate, requiring assistance with all activities. Stage 2: The person may feel like they are experiencing some decline. Stage 3: Early disease which may show effects in demanding situations. Stage 4: Mild disease, in which the person requires some assistance with complicated tasks.
Stage 5: Moderate disease, in which the person requires some assistance with many activities of daily living. Stage 6: Moderately-severe disease where the person requires full assistance with activities of daily living. They may experience incontinence during this stage. There are slight but consistent problems with memory, perception of time, and problem-solving skills. CDR-1 : Mild. Short-term memory is quite affected, interfering with daily life.
The person will not be able to perform complex activities, and will have a fair amount of difficulty with daily activities and hobbies, as well as overall independence. CDR-2 : Moderate. Memory function is greatly impacted, and the person is unable to care for themselves at home independently. Problem-solving, judgement, and social skills have all disappeared.
Read more about Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia, after Alzheimer's. Some people have both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, often called "mixed dementia".
Symptoms of vascular dementia are similar to Alzheimer's disease, although memory loss may not be as obvious in the early stages. Symptoms can sometimes develop suddenly and quickly get worse, but they can also develop gradually over many months or years. Read more about vascular dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies has many of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, and people with the condition typically also experience:.
Read more about dementia with Lewy bodies. Although Alzheimer's disease is still the most common type of dementia in people under 65, a higher percentage of people in this age group may develop frontotemporal dementia than older people. Most cases are diagnosed in people aged Read more about frontotemporal dementia. As dementia progresses, memory loss and difficulties with communication often become severe.
In the later stages, the person is likely to neglect their own health, and require constant care and attention. Find dementia information and support services. Get dementia information emails. Page last reviewed: 12 June Next review due: 12 June Symptoms of dementia - Dementia guide Secondary navigation About dementia About dementia Worried someone has dementia?
What causes dementia? Can dementia be prevented? How is dementia treated? Can dementia be cured? People who are frail with low immunity and recurrent infections are also vulnerable.
Young-onset dementia tends to progress more rapidly. People who develop dementia between the ages of thirty and fifty, appear to live two years less than those whose dementia is diagnosed later in life.
Most cases of sudden confusion and rapidly progressing dementia in an elderly person are due to delirium caused by infection. Urinary infections and pneumonia can trigger acute confusion that comes on quickly, causing people to be incoherent, muddled and disorientated.
Agitation, aggression and odd behaviour are also common. The good news is that the symptoms of delirium can be reversed when the infection is appropriately treated. RPD can be difficult to diagnose. However, accurately diagnosing these conditions is critical in order to identify any treatable causes and protect against further brain cell damage. An early hospital assessment by a specialist can help pick up problems so that, where available, appropriate treatment can be initiated.
In an assessment for RPD, the doctor will take a detailed history to find out about the symptoms and challenges that the person is facing. Enquiring about past medical history, the health of close family and any recent exposure to chemicals, infections or medications can help pinpoint any potential causes. A careful examination can help the doctor spot any physical problems and evaluate the current level of mental function.
Investigations will typically include laboratory tests of blood, urine and the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. All of this information will assimilate and considered to help diagnose the cause of the dementia.
The presentation and progress of RPD will vary between individuals. People affected will usually develop problems with their memory, thought processes and communication.
Many people also have personality or behavioural changes and mood disturbance. Movement changes can also occur as a result of the brain cell injury.
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