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Placenta 42 , 84—86 Download references. We also thank the Centre for Trophoblast Research for funding this study. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Tereza Cindrova-Davies. Reprints and Permissions. Cindrova-Davies, T. Menstrual flow as a non-invasive source of endometrial organoids. Commun Biol 4, Download citation. Received : 30 July Accepted : 30 April Published : 17 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Abstract Assessment of the endometrium often necessitates a biopsy, which currently involves an invasive, transcervical procedure. Introduction Organoids are self-organising, three-dimensional culture systems that can be cultured long-term and faithfully reflect the structure and function of their tissue of origin. Results Optimisation of the protocol We performed an initial pilot study to optimise the technique for derivation of organoids from menstrual flow. Growth characteristics of organoids derived from menstrual flow In order to validate the menstrual flow organoids, we derived organoids from endometrial scratches and ensuing menstrual flow of volunteers undergoing an IVF treatment cycle at the Bourn Hall Clinic Fig.
Full size image. Discussion Our results demonstrate that menstrual flow contains viable endometrial gland progenitor cells, and can be used to derive physiologically relevant organoid cultures in a non-invasive manner. Bourn Hall Clinic patients Seven patients who undertook an elective endometrial scratch ES procedures prior to initiation of a treatment cycle at Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge, agreed to collect a sample of the menstrual flow that subsequently followed the ES procedure.
Table 1 Clinical details. Full size table. References 1. Article Google Scholar 8. Article Google Scholar 9. Article Google Scholar Acknowledgements M. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary information. Peer Review File. Supplementary Information.
Reporting Summary. About this article. Cite this article Cindrova-Davies, T. Copy to clipboard. Comments By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. This bleaching process is now done using oxygen totally chlorine-free now and therefore enables manufacturers to ensure that their products present no more risks and for doctors to accept them. With the enormous quantities of feminine hygienic products used by women throughout their lives, a precautionary approach should have been implemented far sooner.
Rayon , this synthetic fibre highly absorbent and abrasive also causes micro lesions which therefore increase the absorption of toxins by the body. The presence of rayon in tampons is supposedly the cause of toxic shock syndrome. These products particularly plastic and perfume can cause irritations and allergies.
Today, we should be aware of the massive amounts of pesticides used on cotton crops and the use of synthetic products in tampons and sanitary towels. Wash your hands before inserting or removing a tampon or a menstrual cup. Change your tampon every 3 to 4 hours ; at night at the end of your period or when your flow is light, preferably use a menstrual cup or pl i ms. Alternate the use of tampons and sanitary towels and even better : pl i m and menstrual cup.
Use tampons that have the lowest absorbency rate. Totally avoid using tampons at the end of your period , because they also absorb vaginal secretions. Do not throw disposable tampons and sanitary towels or panty liners down the toilet.
When it comes to tampons and sanitary towels and panty liners, etc. Not to mention the tampons and applicators thrown down the toilets. They end up in the sea and create a number of problems for fish and other sea mammals.
You might like to know that a women uses between 10 and 20 such products in her lifetime… about the equivalent of one full room of about 8m 3 4m 3 for disposable diapers. Mucous membrane moist epithelial tissue: a covering that totally separates the external vaginal orifice from the vagina in a virgin.
Various pathologies Hematocolpos : when the hymen has not been perforated, the accumulation of blood in the vagina, requiring the hymen to be surgically pierced in order to allow the evacuation of menstrual blood.
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